Leech therapy: Knowledge of the following contraindications is imperative to prevent serious malpractice errors with negative consequences.

The Scientific Basis of Leech Therapy

Mechanisms of Leeching

The Technique of Leech Therapy

Preparation

Application Procedure

Indications for Leech Therapy:

Inflammatory Reactions

Heart Diseases

Rheumatic Diseases

Tendovaginitis and Tendinitis

Venous Disease and Varicose Veins

Arthrosis

Muscle Tension

Vertebrogenic Pain Syndromes

 

Case history and articles:

 

Effect of leech therapy in different regional pain syndromes (T.Rampp)

 

Where to buy the medical leeches

 

Germany

France

Russia

Turkey

United Kingdom

Unites States & Canada

Erosive Castritis and Potential Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding occurred on the day after leeching in one of our patients with gastroscopically confirmed erosive gastritis. This adverse event was also reported in another patient with coronary artery disease who was taking aspirin to inhibit platelet aggregation. Therefore, leech therapy should not be performed in patients with known peptic ulcers or erosive gastritis because the potentially systemic effects of hirudin may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Acute Stages of Infectious Disease

Experience has shown that the administration of leech therapy during the acute stages of infectious diseases may lead to subjective weakness and impaired wound healing. According to the broader concepts of naturopathic medicine and humoral pathology, any treatment that extracts blood from patients with infectious diseases is generally considered to be counterproductive and is not recommended. In plastic and reconstructive surgery, where leeching must often be performed in patients with severe infections, antibiotics are administered concomitantly with leech therapy.

Severe Allergic Diathesis

In patients with known protein allergies, the possibility of an allergic reaction to the foreign proteins in leech saliva must be considered. Leech therapy should not be performed in patients with a history of severe allergic diathesis and severe systemic reactions. Leech therapy can be performed with concomitant antihistamine therapy if the patient has only mild or uncertain intolerance reactions.

Pregnancy

Treatments involving the withdrawal of blood are generally contraindicated during pregnancy. Furthermore, leech therapy might result in side effects that would require treatment with chemical drugs.

General and Local Wound-Healing Disorders

The normally harmless leech bite can lead to local complications in patients with diseases associated with impaired wound healing (e.g., diabetes mel-litus). The case history must be thoroughly evaluated to determine whether any relative contraindications to leech therapy exist. In patients with localized areas of impaired wound healing (e.g., leg ulcers), leeches should not be applied directly to the affected region as this may create potential foci for new ulcers.

Other Contradictions for Leech Therapy

Andreas Michalsen, MD, Department of Internal Medicine V, Germany